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Around 21 human species have lived on Earth. |
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| The first humans in the same genus as Homo sapiens were Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Homo erectus, and evidence suggests they coexisted in East Africa some 1.9 million years ago. This kind of cohabitation was a familiar fixture of human evolution. When Homo sapiens first appeared around 300,000 years ago, our ancestors lived among many other now-extinct human cousins. Modern humans famously fraternized with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other populations. Homo sapiens also shared the planet with lesser-known species such as Homo floresiensis, Homo naledi, Homo luzonensis, and the straggling survivors of Homo erectus. But because some of these groups lived in remote communities, it's possible that modern humans never even laid eyes on them. Scientists theorize that our ancestors wiped out many of these human species (Neanderthals were the last to fall, beginning to go extinct around 40,000 years ago) by demonstrating superior strategizing and cooperation skills. Our ancestors' social intelligence helped them rise to the top of the food chain, and the population grew exponentially. Today, modern humans stand alone in the genus Homo, but we only have ourselves to blame. | |
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By the Numbers | |||||||||
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Homo sapiens have been on Earth for only 0.0067% of its existence. | |||||||||
| The lifetime of a planet is long, measured in several billions of years, but many species are lucky if they even make it beyond a couple million. Homo sapiens are a relatively young group, first appearing on the scene some 300,000 years ago, which means we've only been around for 0.0067% of Earth's history. Because humans have such a low genetic diversity compared to other primates, scientists estimate that Homo sapiens likely grew from only 10,000 breeding pairs — but we've been busy ever since. The human population reached the 1 billion mark in 1804 and 8 billion in November 2022. | |||||||||
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